Klebsiella pneumonia or K. pneumonia: A bacteria that can cause different types of healthcare-associated infections, including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, wound or surgical site infections, and meningitis.
Has become resistant to antibiotics. Some Klebsiella bacteria have become highly resistant to antibiotics. When bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae produce an enzyme known as a carbapenemase (referred to as KPC-producing organisms), then the class of antibiotics called carbapenems will not work to kill the bacteria and treat the infection.

Salmonella Typhimurium or S. Typhimurium: Salmonellosis is a type of food poisoning caused by the Salmonella enterica bacterium. There are many such bacteria. Salmonella serotype Typhimurium and Salmonella serotype Enteritidis are the most common types in the United States. People infected with Salmonella bacteria develop symptoms like diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness usually lasts 4 to 7 days, and most people recover without treatment. However, in certain cases, the diarrhea may be so severe that the patient needs to be hospitalized. Salmonella infection may spread from the intestines to the bloodstream and then to other body sites and can cause death unless the person is treated promptly with antibiotics. Older adults, infants, and those with impaired immune systems are more likely to have a severe illness from Salmonella infection.

S. Aureus- Staphylococcus aureus (Staph Infection): has long been recognized as one of the most important bacteria that cause disease in humans. It is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses (boils), furuncles, and cellulitis. Although most staph infections are not serious, S. aureus can cause serious infections such as bloodstream infections, pneumonia, or bone and joint infections.

Escherichia coli (E. coli): Bacteria that normally live in the intestines of healthy people and animals. Most varieties of E. coli are harmless or cause relatively brief diarrhea. But a few particularly nasty strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, can cause severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting.
You may be exposed to E. coli from contaminated water or food — especially raw vegetables and undercooked ground beef. Healthy adults usually recover from infection with E. coli O157:H7 within a week, but young children and older adults have a greater risk of developing a life-threatening form of kidney failure called hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Streptococcus Mutans: The bacterium S. mutans is the main contributor to tooth decay. S. mutans can grow under conditions that would kill other bacteria.
S. mutans is found mostly on tooth surfaces. One tooth may have a large number of these bacteria, while the tooth next to it may have only a small number. The bacteria are most concentrated in the crevices, pits, and fissures that are a normal part of the teeth and surrounding structures.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus: A bacterium in the same family as those that cause cholera and Vibrio vulnificus. It lives in brackish saltwater and causes gastrointestinal illness in humans.When ingested, V. parahaemolyticus causes watery diarrhea often with abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever and chills. Usually these symptoms occur within 24 hours of ingestion. Illness is usually self-limited and lasts 3 days.

Sources:
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/klebsiella/klebsiella.html
http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/staph/basics.html
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/tc/salmonellosis-topic-overview
http://www.mchoralhealth.org/OpenWide/mod1_2.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/vibriop.html